85 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
85 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
# Difference Between Active and Passive Components in Electronics
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## 🔋 Active Components
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Active components are electronic devices that **can amplify signals**, **control current**, or **produce energy**. They require an external power source to function.
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### Examples:
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- **Transistors** – Amplify or switch electronic signals
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- **Diodes** (including LEDs) – Allow current in one direction, used in rectification
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- **Integrated Circuits (ICs)** – Contain multiple active and passive components
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### Key Features:
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- Require external power to operate
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- Can **inject power** into a circuit
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- Can **control the flow** of electricity
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- Used for **amplification**, **signal processing**, and **switching**
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---
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## 🔌 Passive Components
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Passive components cannot amplify or generate power. They only **respond to** the electrical signals applied to them.
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### Examples:
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- **Resistors** – Limit current flow
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- **Capacitors** – Store and release energy as an electric field
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- **Inductors** – Store energy in a magnetic field
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- **Transformers** – Transfer energy between circuits via magnetic fields
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### Key Features:
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- Do **not require** external power to operate
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- **Cannot amplify** signals
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- Used for **filtering**, **energy storage**, **tuning**, and **impedance matching**
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---
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## ⚖️ Quick Analogy
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- **Passive Component**: Like a **valve or container** — it regulates or stores energy.
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- **Active Component**: Like a **pump** — it can **add energy** and control the system dynamically.
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---
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# 🔋 10 Active Electronic Components
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# 🔌 10 Passive Electronic Components
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------
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# 🔌 N-Channel MOSFET: Overview
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An **N-channel MOSFET** (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) is a type of transistor that controls current flow using an electric field — it's a three-terminal device with:
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- **Gate (G)** — controls the transistor
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- **Drain (D)** — where current flows **into**
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- **Source (S)** — where current flows **out of**
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When a positive voltage is applied to the **gate** relative to the **source**, the MOSFET turns **on**, allowing current to flow from **drain to source** (D → S).
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## ⚙️ Common Uses
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- Power switching in motor drivers
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- Voltage regulation
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- Signal modulation
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- Digital logic switching
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---
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# 🔁 Use in an H-Bridge Motor Controller
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An **H-bridge** is a circuit used to control the **direction** of a DC motor. It consists of **four switches**, typically implemented with N-channel MOSFETs:
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## H-Bridge Configuration:
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- **Q1 + Q4 ON** → motor spins in one direction
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- **Q2 + Q3 ON** → motor spins in the opposite direction
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- **PWM control** on low-side N-MOSFETs allows speed control
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Because N-channel MOSFETs conduct easily when their **gate voltage is higher than the source**, they're ideal for **low-side switching**. High-side use may require **gate driver circuits** to boost voltage.
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---
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