119 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
119 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
# Difference Between Active and Passive Components in Electronics
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## 🔋 Active Components
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Active components are electronic devices that **can amplify signals**, **control current**, or **produce energy**. They require an external power source to function.
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### Examples:
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- **Transistors** – Amplify or switch electronic signals
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- **Diodes** (including LEDs) – Allow current in one direction, used in rectification
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- **Integrated Circuits (ICs)** – Contain multiple active and passive components
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### Key Features:
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- Require external power to operate
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- Can **inject power** into a circuit
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- Can **control the flow** of electricity
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- Used for **amplification**, **signal processing**, and **switching**
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---
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## 🔌 Passive Components
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Passive components cannot amplify or generate power. They only **respond to** the electrical signals applied to them.
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### Examples:
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- **Resistors** – Limit current flow
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- **Capacitors** – Store and release energy as an electric field
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- **Inductors** – Store energy in a magnetic field
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- **Transformers** – Transfer energy between circuits via magnetic fields
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### Key Features:
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- Do **not require** external power to operate
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- **Cannot amplify** signals
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- Used for **filtering**, **energy storage**, **tuning**, and **impedance matching**
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---
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## ⚖️ Quick Analogy
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- **Passive Component**: Like a **valve or container** — it regulates or stores energy.
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- **Active Component**: Like a **pump** — it can **add energy** and control the system dynamically.
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---
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# 🔋 10 Active Electronic Components
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# 🔌 10 Passive Electronic Components
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------
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# 🔁 Use in a Timer Circuit
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# 🔧 555 Timer LED Blinker Circuit (Astable Mode)
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This project uses a 555 timer IC in **astable mode** to blink an LED on and off at a regular interval.
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---
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## 🧰 Required Components
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| Component | Value | Quantity |
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|----------------|------------------|----------|
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| 555 Timer IC | NE555 | 1 |
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| Resistor R1 | 10 kΩ | 1 |
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| Resistor R2 | 10 kΩ | 1 |
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| Resistor R3 | 470 Ω | 1 |
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| Capacitor C1 | 10 µF (electrolytic) | 1 |
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| LED | Any color | 1 |
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| Power Supply | 5V – 9V DC | 1 |
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| Breadboard + jumper wires | — | — |
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---
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## 🔁 How It Works
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The 555 timer is configured in **astable mode**, which means it continuously switches between high and low states:
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- The **output pin (pin 3)** alternates between HIGH and LOW.
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- This causes the **LED to blink** on and off.
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- The **timing interval** is determined by **R1**, **R2**, and **C1**.
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---
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## ⏱️ Blinking Frequency Formula
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To change the blink rate:
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T = 0.693 × (R1 + 2×R2) × C1
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Where:
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- `T` is the period in seconds
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- `R1`, `R2` in ohms
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- `C1` in farads
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---
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## 🔌 Circuit Schematic
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---
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## ✅ Assembly Tips
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- Ensure **pin 1** is connected to **GND**
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- **Pin 8** goes to **Vcc**
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- Make sure the **capacitor polarity** is correct (− side to GND)
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- Use a **current-limiting resistor (R3)** with the LED to prevent damage
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---
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This is a perfect beginner project to understand **timers**, **oscillation**, and **basic LED control**.
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### Resources:
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https://elonics.org/adjustable-led-flasher-using-555-timer/
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